Practice Mathematics with the exercise "Bit count to limit"

Learning Opportunities

This puzzle can be solved using the following concepts. Practice using these concepts and improve your skills.

Mathematics

Statement

Goal

The goal is really simple. Given a number n, count how many 1s are used to write all binary integers from 0 to n (inclusive)

For example, n = 5
0....000...0
1....001...1
2....010...1
3....011...2
4....100...1
5....101...2

Total : 1+1+2+1+2 = 7

Input

Single line: An integer n

Output

Single line: Number of 1s used to write all binary integers from 0 to n (inclusive)

Constraints

n < 2^28
Result < 2^32

Example

Input

Output

Solve it

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Learning Opportunities

Statement

Goal

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