ASCII Art with Logo Language, Part 3

Statement

Goal

Your job is to extend again the Logo language developed in ASCII Art with Logo Language, part 2 with variables and giving the Turtle the ability to move in any direction.

Commands from part one and two (not modified):
SETPC pen: uses cyclically the characters in pen as Turtle pen.
CS character: CLEARSCREEN. Clears the screen with the specified symbol (only printable ASCII excluding space).
PU: PENUP. Sets the turtle to move without drawing.
PD: PENDOWN. Turtle leaves a symbol when moving.

Modified commands:
RP expression [commands]: REPEAT. This instruction repeats the commands that are inside the square brackets the number of times indicated by the expression parameter (only positive integer). REPEAT command can be nested. If expression is negative or float, get the absolute value of its integer part.
FD expression: FORWARD. Moves Turtle forward for number of times specified (absolute value of the integer part).
RT expression: RIGHT. Turns Turtle right for number of degrees specified (only integer part). Negative numbers are possible (and they turn the Turtle to the left).
LT expression: LEFT. Turns Turtle left for number of degrees specified (only integer part). Negative numbers turn the Turtle to the right.

New commands:
MK "varname expression: MAKE. Assign the expression's value to the variable varname.
For example:

MK "dummyvar (12+3)-2

expression is a combination of numbers (integer and float with . as decimal separator) and the four operators + - / *, possibly with brackets ( ) to change the order of priority of calculation, and variables referenced by : followed by the variable name (no spaces).
For example:

MK "dummyvar (12+3)-2;MK "dummy2 15*((12+3.5)-:dummyvar)

The value of :dummy2 is 37.5
IF boolean expression [commands]: Conditional. The boolean expression is limited to expression = > < <> expression, where <> means "not equal to". If the boolean expression is true, the commands will be executed, else jump to the next command.

Procedure definition:
All the procedures should be defined at the beginning of the program.
STOP: exit from procedure.
TO procedure_name :param END: procedure definition, with only one fixed parameter. Recursion is possible. To call a procedure simply put the procedure_name and an expression as parameter.
It is not possible to use a parameter with the same name of a variable. Inside a procedure it is possible to use global variables but you can't change their value. The variables defined inside a procedure are locals.
For example

to spiral :size
   if :size > 30 [stop]
   fd :size; rt 15
   spiral :size *1.02
end

Drawing lines:
Since the RT and LT commands now accept expressions, it is possible to draw lines with any integer inclination. You should implement the Bresenham's line algorithm, in particular the version that use Bresenham's principles of integer incremental error to perform all octant line draws, balancing the positive and negative error between the x and y coordinates. See the wikipedia link in reference to see all the details.

To draw a line, you will need to determine the target coordinates using the following formulas, where angle is the current Turtle inclination and steps the parameter of FD command:

x0,y0 = current Turtle position
x1 = x0+round(steps*round(cos(angle),precision))
y1 = y0+round(steps*round(sin(angle),precision))
plotLine(x0,y0,x1,y1)

Please note that the rounding to use is 'Rounding Half Even' and the precision is set to 5 digits.
Also note that the Turtle leaves a symbol in the starting position each time it moves with pen down, but not in the final position.

Additional notes:
Semi-colons ; are used to separate instructions in a line of instructions. It may also be optionally used at the end of a line of instructions. Command keyword or a procedure name and its arguments/parameters are always separated by one or more space characters.
A variable name is always followed by ;, [, ], a newline, an end-of-line, or one or more space characters. Other than the above, all other space characters are optional.
A command keyword may be used as a procedure name or a variable name.
All turtle steps will be drawn using the current PU/PD and SETPC settings.
As is part two, Turtle starts with an angle of 90 degree (heading North), with the pen down and the initial symbol set to #.

References:
Part 1 https://www.codingame.com/training/medium/ascii-art-with-logo-language
Part 2 https://www.codingame.com/training/medium/ascii-art-with-logo-language-part-2
Bresenham's line algorithm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
in particular see note 2 Zingl, Alois

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCBLogo

Input

Line 1: An integer N, indicating the program's number of lines.
Next N lines: lines of text with Logo instructions.

Output

The ASCII Art generated.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 2000

Example

Input

3
rt 45;setpc *;
mk "a 90;mk "lt 5;mk "lp 4
rp :lp [fd :lt;rt :a]

Output

    *
   * *
  *   *
 *     *
*       *
 *     *
  *   *
   * *
    *

Tags

Ascii Art, Interpreters, Bresenham's algorithm

Difficulty

Hard

Test cases

Diamond Test

Input

3 rt 45;setpc *; mk "a 90;mk "lt 5;mk "lp 4 rp :lp [fd :lt;rt :a]

Output

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Validator 1 Validator

Input

3 rt 45;setpc *; mk "a 90;mk "lt 7;mk "lp 4 rp :lp [fd :lt;rt :a]

Output

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Star Test

Input

5 rt 90;setpc 4 mk "angle 60; mk "l 4; mk "lp 3 rp :lp [fd :l;lt :angle;fd :l;rt 2*:angle;fd :l;lt :angle;fd :l; rt 2*:angle]

Output

4 4 4 4 4 44444 44444 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44444 44444 4 4 4 4 4

Validator 2 Validator

Input

5 rt 90;setpc 6 mk "angle 60; mk "l 6; mk "lp 3 rp :lp [fd :l;lt :angle;fd :l;rt 2*:angle;fd :l;lt :angle;fd :l; rt 2*:angle]

Output

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6666666 6666666 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6666666 6666666 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Circle Test

Input

6 rt 90;setpc * mk "dir 5; mk "l 8; mk "lp :l; mk "angle 360/:l; rp :lp [fd :dir;lt :angle]

Output

****** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ******

Validator 3 Validator

Input

6 rt 90;setpc * mk "dir 5; mk "l 10; mk "lp :l; mk "angle 360/:l; rp :lp [fd :dir;lt :angle]

Output

****** ** * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * ** ******

Spiral Test

Input

10 to spiral :size if :size > (6-:char) [stop] fd :size; rt 15 spiral :size*1.02 end mk "char 1; if :char = 1 [setpc *] if :char = 2 [setpc +] mk "l 1 spiral :l

Output

********* *** **** ** ** * ** * * * * * **** * * **** *** * * ** * * * * * ******** * * * ** * * * * ** * * * * * **** * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * **** * * * * * * * ** * * * * *** * * **** * * * * * ** ** *** ** *******

Validator 6 Validator

Input

10 to spiral :size if :size > (6-:char) [stop] fd :size; rt 15 spiral :size*1.02 end mk "char 2; if :char = 1 [setpc *] if :char = 2 [setpc +] mk "l 1 spiral :l

Output

++++ ++++ +++ + ++ + + + ++++++++ + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + ++++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++++ + + + + + + + ++ + + + + +++ + + ++++ + + + + + ++ ++ +++ ++ +++++++

Square Test

Input

9 to square :lato rp 4[fd :lato;rt 90] end cs . setpc * mk "l 5 if :l = 5 [setpc *+] if :l <> 5 [setpc +*] square :l

Output

+*+*+* *....+ +....* *....+ +....* *+*+*+

Validator 7 Validator

Input

9 to square :lato rp 4[fd :lato;rt 90] end cs . setpc * mk "l 8 if :l = 5 [setpc *+] if :l <> 5 [setpc +*] square :l

Output

+*+*+*+*+ *.......* +.......+ *.......* +.......+ *.......* +.......+ *.......* +*+*+*+*+

Fibonacci Test

Input

13 to fibo :a mk "x 1 mk "y 1 mk "lp (:a-2) if :a < 3 [mk "r 1] if :a > 2 [ rp :lp [ mk "r (:x+:y);mk "x :y;mk "y :r] ] fd :r end setpc 1 cs . mk "a 1 rt 90 rp 10 [pd;fibo :a;pu;fd 1;mk "a :a+1]

Output

1.1.11.111.11111.11111111.1111111111111.111111111111111111111.1111111111111111111111111111111111.1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Validator 4 Validator

Input

13 to fibo :a mk "x 1 mk "y 1 mk "lp (:a-2) if :a < 3 [mk "r 1] if :a > 2 [ rp :lp [ mk "r (:x+:y);mk "x :y;mk "y :r] ] fd :r end setpc 2 cs . mk "a 2 rt 90 rp 10 [pd;fibo :a;pu;fd 1;mk "a :a+1]

Output

2.22.222.22222.22222222.2222222222222.222222222222222222222.2222222222222222222222222222222222.2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222.22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

Spiral 2 Test

Input

6 rt 90;setpc 2 mk "l 5; mk "lp 10; mk "angle 90; lt :angle/2; rp :lp [fd :l;rt :angle;mk "angle :angle+1;mk "l :l+2]

Output

222 222 2 222 2 2222 22 2 222 2 2 2 222 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 22 22 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 22 2 2 22 2 22

Validator 9 Validator

Input

6 rt 90;setpc 3 mk "l 5; mk "lp 10; mk "angle 90; lt :angle/3; rp :lp [fd :l;rt :angle;mk "angle :angle+1;mk "l :l+2]

Output

333333333333 3333333333 3 3 333 3 3 33 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 33 3 3 333 33 3 3 33 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 33 3 3 33 33 3 3 33 333 3 33 3333 3 3 3333 3 3 3333 3 333 3 3 3

Banner Test

Input

32 to letter :l if :l = 1 [letter_l :size] if :l = 2 [letter_o :size] if :l = 3 [letter_g :size] end to letter_l :s rt 180; pd fd :s; lt 90; fd :sx pu; fd 1; lt 90; fd :s end to letter_o :s rt 90; pd fd :sx-1;rt 90;fd :s;rt 90;fd :sx-1;rt 90;fd :s rt 90;pu;fd :sx+1;lt 90 end to letter_g :s rt 90; pd fd :sx-1; lt 180;fd :sx-1; lt 90;fd :s; lt 90;fd :sx-1;lt 90;fd 2 pu;fd :s-2;rt 90;fd 2;lt 90 end setpc @ mk "sx 4 mk "size 3 mk "l 1 mk "o 2 mk "g 3 rp 8 [ letter :l;letter :o;letter :g;letter :o lt 90;fd :sx*5;rt 90 pu;rt 180;fd (:size+1);rt 90;fd 1;rt 180 ]

Output

@@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @ @@ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @@ @ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@@

Validator 8 Validator

Input

32 to letter :l if :l = 1 [letter_l :size] if :l = 2 [letter_o :size] if :l = 3 [letter_g :size] end to letter_l :s rt 180; pd fd :s; lt 90; fd :sx pu; fd 1; lt 90; fd :s end to letter_o :s rt 90; pd fd :sx-1;rt 90;fd :s;rt 90;fd :sx-1;rt 90;fd :s rt 90;pu;fd :sx+1;lt 90 end to letter_g :s rt 90; pd fd :sx-1; lt 180;fd :sx-1; lt 90;fd :s; lt 90;fd :sx-1;lt 90;fd 2 pu;fd :s-2;rt 90;fd 2;lt 90 end setpc @ mk "sx 4 mk "size 2 mk "l 1 mk "o 2 mk "g 3 rp 8 [ letter :l;letter :o;letter :g;letter :o lt 90;fd :sx*5;rt 90 pu;rt 180;fd (:size+1);rt 90;fd 1;rt 180 ]

Output

@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @ @ @ @@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@ @ @ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@@ @@@ @ @ @ @ @@@

Numbers Test

Input

34 to printnum :a mk "r 9 mk "w 1 rp :r [mk "w :w*10] rp :r+1 [ mk "c :a/:w if :c < 1 [setpc 0;fd 1;mk "c 10;] if :c < 2 [setpc 1;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-1*:w] if :c < 3 [setpc 2;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-2*:w] if :c < 4 [setpc 3;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-3*:w] if :c < 5 [setpc 4;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-4*:w] if :c < 6 [setpc 5;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-5*:w] if :c < 7 [setpc 6;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-6*:w] if :c < 8 [setpc 7;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-7*:w] if :c < 9 [setpc 8;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-8*:w] if :c < 10 [setpc 9;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-9*:w] mk "w :w/10 ] pu;rt 180;fd :r+1;lt 90;fd 1;lt 90;pd end rt 90 mk "a 10 mk "b 2 mk "c 30 mk "d12 4 rp 20 [ mk "e (:a+:b)*(:c-:d12) mk "r ((:a+:b)*(:a-:b)+(:d12/:a))*:e printnum :r mk "a :a+1 mk "b :b+1 mk "c :c+1 mk "d12 :d12+1 ]

Output

0000030076 0000040933 0000053456 0000067644 0000083497 0000101015 0000120198 0000141045 0000163557 0000187733 0000213574 0000241079 0000270248 0000301082 0000333580 0000367741 0000403568 0000441058 0000480212 0000521031

Validator 5 Validator

Input

34 to printnum :a mk "r 9 mk "w 1 rp :r [mk "w :w*10] rp :r+1 [ mk "c :a/:w if :c < 1 [setpc 0;fd 1;mk "c 10;] if :c < 2 [setpc 1;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-1*:w] if :c < 3 [setpc 2;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-2*:w] if :c < 4 [setpc 3;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-3*:w] if :c < 5 [setpc 4;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-4*:w] if :c < 6 [setpc 5;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-5*:w] if :c < 7 [setpc 6;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-6*:w] if :c < 8 [setpc 7;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-7*:w] if :c < 9 [setpc 8;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-8*:w] if :c < 10 [setpc 9;fd 1;mk "c 10;mk "a :a-9*:w] mk "w :w/10 ] pu;rt 180;fd :r+1;lt 90;fd 1;lt 90;pd end rt 90 mk "a 20 mk "b 2 mk "c 30 mk "d12 4 rp 20 [ mk "e (:a+:b)*(:c-:d12) mk "r ((:a+:b)*(:a-:b)+(:d12/:a))*:e printnum :r mk "a :a+1 mk "b :b+1 mk "c :c+1 mk "d12 :d12+1 ]

Output

0000226626 0000269716 0000316552 0000367133 0000421460 0000479531 0000541348 0000606909 0000676215 0000749266 0000826061 0000906601 0000990886 0001078914 0001170688 0001266205 0001365468 0001468474 0001575225 0001685720

Solution language

Solution

Stub generator input

Rate this contribution

+18

Make the contribution public (lvl 20+)

The contribution was not moderated in time so the system automatically rejected it.

Comments

28 Comments

CodinBot Unnamed CodinGamer

about 2 months ago

Hey CodinGamer! Your contribution has unfortunately not been moderated on time and will temporarily be removed from the system... But no worries! You can republish it anytime to give it another chance! :)

mouad Unnamed CodinGamer

about 2 months ago

good

cedricdd Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

✅ Approved the contribution. Comment: Nice evolution of the two first parts, adds enough new stuff/difficulty to justify another puzzle. Tests/Validators seems to check everything, the statement is long but is clear.

cedricdd Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

Hi, In the test Spiral & Validator 6 the line: fd :size rt 15 It says "Additional notes: Semi-colons ; are used to separate instructions in a line of instructions." so there shouldn't be a semi-colon in that case to make it valid since you have 2 commands on the same line?

Eulero314 Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

I'll fix it, it's an error in my simplified parser. This puzzle is 1 year old and I have never reached the necessary votes for approval. Is it better to let it go? what do you think about it? Thanks

CodinBot Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

cedricdd Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

Hi, I have finally started working on this puzzle, so far I haven't started messing with the more advanced part, I'm currently stuck on "Star" where I'm not getting the same result. After a while of using your code as reference I was able to find where the difference happens. At one point the turtle is at 6;-9 with an angle of 120. When you calculate the end position for the points to add you get 5;-6 while I get 4;-6 Python3 says that cos(120 deg) * 3 is -1.4999999999 but that's wrong, cos(120 deg) is -0.5. PHP properly returns -0.5 so I'm getting -1.5 for the same calculation, with the round half up it's taking out 2, hence the x value being 4. I would also add somewhere in the statement that round need to use "half up", this might not be the default for every languages. On another note I would change "Turtle starts heading North" to explicitly saying we start with an angle of 90.

Eulero314 Unnamed CodinGamer

about 3 months ago

Hi, I changed to "Turtle starts with an angle of 90 degree (heading North)". I'm not an expert on rounding in different languages so I check on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/..., 'rounding half up' is int(x+0.5), while you suggest to use 'Rounding half away from zero' sgn(x)*int(abs(x)+0.5). To solve the -1.49 vs -1.5 problem the simplest way is to take only the integer part. Did I get it right? Thank you

CodinBot Unnamed CodinGamer

about 5 months ago

jeyunlee1029376 Unnamed CodinGamer

about 5 months ago

✅ Approved the contribution. Comment: its fun

Eulero314 Unnamed CodinGamer

about 4 months ago

Hi, could you please approve again? Thanks

Eulero314 Unnamed CodinGamer

about 6 months ago

Thanks to 5DN1L, part 3 is out. There is something I don't like with Bresenham, but I'll wait for your comments and implementations.

CodinBot Unnamed CodinGamer

1 year ago

I hope you received enough feedback from the community to improve your contribution. Once you have made the necessary updates, publish your contribution!

5DN1L Unnamed CodinGamer

1 year ago

Goal section * SETPC: I don't understand how the modified command "avoids ambiguity with the line algorithm". We just consider the argument {{pen}} to SETPC, don't we? Is it possible to leave SETPC unmodified (i.e. same as how it worked in Part 2)? * RT: You do not mention "absolute value". Would RT with a negative argument be possible (turning Turtle left)? * LT: You do not mention "absolute value". Would LT with a negative argument be possible (turning Turtle right)? * Drawing lines: Please change "accepts" to "accept". * Drawing lines: Missing space before "in particular". * References: Should "#cite_note-Zingl-2" be deleted? * Please mention that semi-colons {{;}} are used to separate instructions in a line of instructions. It may also be optionally used at the end of a line of instructions. * Please mention that a command keyword or a procedure name and its arguments/parameters are always separated by one or more space characters. A variable name is always followed by {{;}}, {{[}}, {{]}}, a newline, an end-of-line, or one or more space characters. Other than the above, all other space characters are optional. * Please mention that a command keyword may be used as a procedure name or a variable name. Input section * Please format 1 as <<bold>>. Cases * Would like to see the validators to be more different from the corresponding tests instead of just a change in the SETPC character. * Some commands are not tested: CS, PU, PD. * Some operators are not tested: +, -, <, <>, (, ). * Last pair of cases: "square" is defined but not used? * Last pair of cases: using rp on setpc is weird...? Thanks.

5DN1L Unnamed CodinGamer

1 year ago

Below are my updated comments based on the current version: Goal section * SETPC: Is it possible to leave SETPC unmodified (i.e. same as how it worked in Part 2), and set test cases accordingly? * RT: Will any test cases be set on RT with a negative integer as the argument? Will any test cases be set on RT with an expression with a negative value as the argument? * LT: Will any test cases be set on RT with a negative integer as the argument? Will any test cases be set on LT with an expression with a negative value as the argument? * Suggest to move the three paragraphs ("Semi-colons... or a variable name.") above "All turtle steps", and add a new subheading. * Suggest to format "References:" in <<bold>>. Cases * Would like to see the validators to be more different from the corresponding tests instead of just a change in the SETPC character (e.g. make the validator output a different size). * Some commands are not tested: CS, PU, PD. * Some operators are not tested: +, -, <, <>, (, ). * Last pair of cases: "square" is defined but not used? * Last pair of cases: using rp on setpc is weird...? Thanks.

Eulero314 Unnamed CodinGamer

1 year ago

To all Logo enthusiasts, here is part 3. The tests are to be fixed and there is still something to refine on Bresenham. Let me know what you think

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